A new perspective on reactive oxygen species

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), often referred to as free radicals, have a bad reputation – and for good reason. At high levels, these reactive forms of oxygen, which have unpaired electrons in their outer orbits, can cause significant cellular damage. For example, they destabilize cell membranes, render proteins nonfunctional and mutate DNA, which then can 

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How well do you know chemokines?

Chemokines are signaling proteins secreted by cells, whose main function is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of nearby cells. Part of the cytokine class of molecules, chemokines are important components of the immune system, forming a complex regulatory network that connects the innate and adaptive immune systems. Chemokines bind G protein-coupled 

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